Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun (JIP), the Indonesian Journal of the Social Sciences, is a leading peer-reviewed and open-access journal, that publishes scholarly works and specializes in the social sciences that emphasize contemporary Asian issues with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches. This journal publishes scholarly articles that address key development issues in Asia across the domains of education, politics, law, economics, and socio-culture, with a particular emphasis on interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches. JIP has been accredited Rank 1 (Sinta 1) by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, the Republic of Indonesia, through the Decree of the Director-General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology No. 72/E/KPT/2024, dated April 1, 2024. This accreditation is valid until the May 2027 edition. JIP is currently indexed by Scopus, Web of Science, Sinta, MAS, Index Copernicus International, Moraref, Crossref, Google Scholar, OAJI, BASE, ROAD, IOS, GIF, IPI, Garuda, ROOT Indexing, ResearchBible, ResearchGate, and others. JIP offers open access to its content and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-SA) as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly works.
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Paradigms of Scientific Integration in Sumatra's State Islamic Universities
This article examines the paradigm of scientific integration in Islamic religious universities in Sumatra through a comparative and contextual approach. Although studies on scientific integration have grown rapidly, most remain confined to normative discussions and have not sufficiently examined how integration is constructed, interpreted, and implemented within diverse institutional contexts. Using a quasi-qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews, academic observations, document analysis, and focus group discussions (FGDs), this study explores the dynamics of scientific integration in three State Islamic Universities: UIN North Sumatra, UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, and UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. The findings show that scientific integration is not understood as a singular unification of religious and scientific disciplines, but as a multi-layered epistemological process encompassing philosophical orientations, methodological alignments, and academic practices. Variations in integration paradigms emerge according to each institution’s vision, historical trajectory, and academic strategy, shaping different models of curriculum design, research orientation, and academic culture. These results indicate that the paradigm of scientific integration in Sumatra develops in a dynamic and context-dependent pattern rather than as a standardized institutional model. Beyond the local context, this study offers a reflective analytical framework for understanding scientific integration as a living epistemological process, contributing to broader discussions on Islamic higher education and contemporary global epistemological challenges.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anhar Anhar, Zainal Efendi Hasibuan, Muhammad Darwis Dasopang, Erawadi Erawadi, Magdalena Magdalena, Fakhruddin Fakhruddin, Suwardi Suwardi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Muslim Millennials and Food Choices: Unpacking the Halal Awareness Gap in Aceh, Indonesia
Halal awareness constitutes a fundamental dimension of Islamic consumption, guiding Muslims in making ethical and religiously compliant choices. Despite Aceh’s strong Islamic identity and the formal implementation of Sharia law, empirical evidence indicates a persistent gap between expressed concern for halal compliance and actual consumer practices among Muslim millennials. This study examines the level of halal awareness and the socio-psychological factors influencing food purchasing behavior among millennials who consume food from non-Muslim-owned establishments in Aceh. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 40 participants, complemented by observations and focus group discussions conducted across four districts: Banda Aceh, Pidie, Bireuen, and Lhokseumawe. The findings reveal that practical considerations such as trust, price sensitivity, hygiene, and customer service frequently outweigh religious verification in consumption decisions. Notably, approximately 80% of respondents demonstrated only a superficial understanding of halal certification procedures and Sharia compliance. These findings underscore a significant value–behavior gap in halal consumption within a Sharia-governed context, highlighting the need for integrated educational and regulatory interventions. The study recommends strengthening halal literacy through targeted educational initiatives, enhanced certification transparency, and digitally mediated outreach to reinforce halal integrity in Aceh’s evolving consumer landscape, with implications for other Muslim-majority societies facing similar challenges.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arinal Rahmati, Benazir Benazir, Azharsyah Ibrahim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Spiritual Ecology Across Faiths: A Comparative Study of GreenSufism in Indonesia and GreenFaith in the United States
This comparative study examined how different religious traditions operationalize ecological values. It focused on two cases: Green Sufism, a network of pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) in Indonesia that integrates Sufi spirituality into environmental education and daily routines, and the GreenFaith movement in the United States, an interfaith organization mobilizing religious communities for climate justice. Using a qualitative, interpretive phenomenological design, we collected interviews, observations, and documents across both contexts and analyzed them using a combined Heideggerian–Berger & Luckmann framework to trace how spiritual beliefs are translated into environmental norms. The findings revealed that both movements sacralize stewardship of the earth through theological principles such as tawhid (Oneness), khalifah (stewardship), and the interconnectedness of all creation, yet each followed a distinct pathway: pesantren privilege contemplative education and ritual practice, whereas GreenFaith foregrounded advocacy and public policy engagement. A translation chain, belief ritual → identity → action—emerged as the mechanism that connects spirituality to ecological activism. The study contributes to spiritual ecology by clarifying how embodied experiences and institutional processes co‑produce ecological meaning, identifying boundary conditions for education‑first versus advocacy‑first pathways, and highlighting the potential of faith‑based initiatives to support global environmental governance. Practical recommendations are offered for educators, policymakers, and interfaith leaders.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bambang Iriawan, Nurul Zahriani JF, Abdel Kadir Naffati, Ahkmad Fatoni, Yuminah Yuminah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cultural Traditions of Hajj and Umrah: A Comparative Study of Madurese Communities in Indonesia and Malaysia
Local traditions surrounding the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages among Madurese communities have received limited scholarly attention, particularly within comparative transnational contexts. While existing studies documented the cultural significance of pilgrimage in Madura, less is known about how these traditions are reconfigured when Madurese communities migrate and inhabit different socio-political environments. This study examined how Hajj and Umrah practices are organized, experienced, and transformed among Madurese communities in Indonesia and among Madurese migrants in Malaysia. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation involving community members, religious leaders, and academics. The findings revealed a clear contrast between the two contexts: in Madura, pilgrimage traditions remained highly visible and communally celebrated, reinforcing social cohesion and moral recognition, while in Malaysia these practices tended to be simplified and selectively expressed as adaptive responses to minority positioning, sociopolitical regulation, and norms of public visibility. The study demonstrated that Hajj and Umrah function not only as acts of worship but also as culturally embedded performances through which identity, belonging, and social legitimacy are negotiated within transnational social fields. By foregrounding the interplay between ritual, culture, and mobility, this research contributes to broader discussions on lived Islam, migration, and the dynamic transformation of religious practices across national boundaries.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moh. Hafid Effendy, Erie Hariyanto, Maimun Maimun, Anas Ahmadi, Agus Purnomo Ahmad Putikadyanto (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Beyond the Motive: Lessons Learned from Work Commitment Based on Pesantren
Educators’ performance in Pesantren is often measured by the salaries they receive. The salaries of educators and administrative staff at Pesantren are often below the minimum wage. Thus, work motivation arises not from the fulfilment of biological needs, but from the operation of higher values of life’s meaning. This research aimed to understand the forms of pesantren-based work motivation and the factors that shape it. The research employed a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design to explore the forms of motivation rooted in Pesantren values that influence the commitment to work of teaching and educational staff. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis in traditional Pesantrens in East Java. Data analysis was carried out using MAXQDA. The research results showed that the forms of Pesantren-based work motivation consisted of ruhul jihad, sincerity of intention, management of responsibility, self-control, and spirit of service. The research results also showed that the factors that form Pesantren-based work motivation consisted of qasd al-Amal (intention to work), vertical and horizontal balance, tabarrukan, career sustainability and job security, and interpersonal connectedness. These values, deeply embedded in the Pesantren environment, contribute to a strong work commitment that is intrinsic and enduring.
Copyright (c) 2026 Akmal Mundiri, Najiburrohman Najiburrohman, Hasan Jali, Dinda Febrianti Putri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Repositioning Oligarchy and Democratic Governance: Institutional Reform in Indonesia
Good governance remains a central ideal in democratic systems; however, its substantive realization in Indonesia continues to be constrained by the persistent dominance of oligarchic power, which existing studies largely frame as a pathological threat to democracy rather than an institutionally governed phenomenon. Addressing this gap, this study examines how oligarchic power can be repositioned within a framework of democratic governance through a neo-institutionalist perspective that treats oligarchy as an institutionally conditioned form of power. Using qualitative policy analysis, this research analyzes political financing, public policy formulation, and institutional reform through document analysis, regulatory review, and comparative policy evaluation. The findings show that oligarchic dominance is reproduced through weak institutional constraints, fragmented accountability mechanisms, and limited public oversight, yet can be systematically constrained through strengthened regulatory frameworks, credible law enforcement, and expanded participatory governance. By proposing the concept of repositioning oligarchy as an institutional strategy, this study contributes to governance studies, both theoretically and practically, by offering policy-relevant insights for improving democratic governance in Indonesia and other emerging democracies facing similar political–economic challenges.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Fajar Pramono, Asyifa Nadia Jasmine, Samra Naz, Halimah Abdul Manaf, Dyah Mutiarin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Framing Global Racism Locally: Agenda-Setting of GeorgeFloyd’s Death in Indonesia’s Analisa Daily
This study examined how global racial injustice was constructed and prioritized within local media through agenda-setting mechanisms, focusing on Analisa Daily’s coverage of George Floyd’s death in the United States. Drawing on Agenda-Setting Media Theory, particularly the unification of agenda approach, the study employed a qualitative interpretive content analysis of international news reports published in Analisa Daily between June 2 and 23, 2020. The findings revealed that the newspaper sets a coherent agenda on racism by consistently foregrounding structural–historical continuity, political–ideological contradiction, and discursive–global framing. Rather than portraying racism as an isolated incident, Analisa Daily constructed it as a systemic problem embedded in institutional history, electoral politics, and transnational legitimacy struggles. The study further demonstrated that Indonesian print media did not merely replicate Western news agendas but actively aligned, reframed, and evaluated global racial narratives through selective emphasis and normative interpretation. By empirically showing how global racial injustice was localized and unified within a Global South media context, this research advanced agenda-setting scholarship beyond issue salience toward transnational meaning-making and legitimacy contestation. The findings underscore the role of local media as active mediators in shaping global human rights discourse rather than passive recipients of dominant Western narratives.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul Rani Usman, Azman Sulaiman, Julianto Saleh, Fachrur Rizha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Challenges and Strategies of Coastal Tourism Development:The Insight from Kampai Island, Indonesia
While leveraging local potential is an established paradigm for sustainable tourism, its application in geographically isolated contexts remains complex and underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining the unique case of Kampai Island, Indonesia, a remote destination possessing underutilized natural and cultural assets. The objectives of this research are: 1) to identify the island’s tourism potential and development challenges; and 2) to formulate comprehensive strategies for sustainable growth. Utilizing a phenomenological qualitative design, data were gathered through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The findings highlight significant potential in natural features such as Berawe Beach, as well as cultural-historical sites including the Keramat Panjang and Mas Merah cemeteries. However, development efforts are hindered by multidimensional barriers, encompassing inadequate infrastructure, limited institutional capacity, a lack of strategic partnerships, and human resource limitations. Synthesizing these insights, the discussion proposes an integrated strategic framework. Key recommendations involve strengthening local institutions and human resources through context-specific training, fostering multi-stakeholder collaborations to leverage external resources, prioritizing participatory infrastructure development, and designing integrated tourism products based on local narratives. In conclusion, sustainable tourism on remote islands requires a holistic approach that strategically leverages local assets and addresses systemic constraints via inclusive and collaborative planning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iromi Ilham, Abdullah Akhyar Nasution, Muh. Fahrudin Alawi, Richa Meliza, Tri Yuwana Oktaviani, Khairunnisa Hasibuan, Septriani Septriani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strengthening Farmer Resilience for Coconut Business Sustainability: Evidence from Aceh Besar
Coconut is an important commodity for people in Aceh Besar, serving as a source of food, income, industrial raw materials, and coastal conservation. However, its sustainability is vulnerable to strategic environmental changes such as declining cultivation areas and productivity, limited acces to technology, insufficient role of farmer organizations, limited extension services, and pest attacks. Allegedly, the sustainability of the coconut business is affected by the level of farmers’ resilience, which underlies the development of farmer autonomy, enabling them to sustain their businesses in the long term. This research aims to analyze the factors that affect farmers’ resilience, autonomy, and the sustainability of their coconut businesses, and to examine the interrelationships among these variables. The research was conducted through a survey involving 106 coconut farmers in June-July 2024. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the SEM PLS method. The results show that farmers exhibit low levels of resilience, autonomy, and business sustainability. Both farmer resilience and autonomy show a direct positive effect on business sustainability. Resilience is affected by farmer characteristics, the role of extension workers, and social capital. Farmer autonomy is affected by farmer characteristics. Developing sustainable coconut businesses is achieved by enhancing farmers’ motivation, tailoring extension media to their needs, and strengthening their social networks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Henny Sulistyorini, Sumardjo Sumardjo, Anna Fatchiya, Ninuk Purnaningsih, Destika Cahyana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Shaping Balanced Minds: Exploring the Integration of Religious Moderation in Indonesian Elementary Education
Religious moderation has become a strategic agenda in Indonesian education to strengthen social cohesion in pluralistic societies. At the primary education level, studies on religious moderation remain fragmented and require integrative synthesis. This study examines how religious moderation education is implemented in Indonesian elementary schools and Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (SD/MI) through a Systematic Literature Review retrieved from Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Elicit.ai. The analysis focuses on conceptualization, pedagogical implementation, and reported challenges and impacts. The findings indicate that religious moderation education at the SD/MI level is predominantly implemented through integrative and implicit practices rather than as a standalone curricular subject. Moderation values—such as justice, tolerance, inclusivity, and social harmony—are embedded across curricula, learning materials, pedagogical strategies, and school culture, with teachers functioning as key mediators of value internalization. While moderation-oriented education contributes to more inclusive school climates and positive student attitudes toward diversity, its implementation remains uneven due to limited teacher conceptual clarity, competing academic demands, and the growing influence of digital environments. This study contributes by articulating embedded moderation pedagogy as a conceptual framework for understanding religious moderation education in early schooling. The findings provide a concise reference for advancing research, policy development, and educational practice in religious and character education within pluralistic contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muchamad Fauyan, Anwar Efendi, Sugeng Bayu Wahyono, Sugito Sugito, Nur Kholis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Organizational Justice, Citizenship Behavior, and Teacher Performance in Islamic Secondary Education: An Evidence from Indonesian Madrasah
Improving teacher performance remains a critical challenge in Islamic secondary education, particularly in relation to organizational conditions that shape professional behavior and instructional effectiveness. This study investigated the extent to which organizational justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) jointly influenced teacher performance in State Islamic Senior High Schools (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri) in Sumedang Regency. Employing a quantitative research design, data were collected from MAN teachers and analyzed using inferential statistical techniques, including simultaneous F-tests and coefficients of determination. The results demonstrated that organizational justice and OCB exerted a significant positive influence on teacher performance (F = 48.457; p < 0.001), accounting for 57.7% of the variance. Among performance indicators, timeliness emerged as the strongest con tributor, reflecting a culture of discipline, while the quantity of work indicated areas requiring institutional improvement. Beyond confirming established theories of organizational behavior theories, the findings highlighted the contextual importance of integrating Islamic ethical values, such as amanah (trustworthiness), ukhuwah (brotherhood), and ihsan (excellence), into madrasah governance. By aligning fair organizational structures with value-based voluntary behavior, this study offers an empirically grounded and culturally embedded perspective for strengthening teacher performance and advancing sustainable educational quality in Islamic schooling contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dian Dian, U Abdullah Mu'min, Anisa Siti Khodijah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strategic Management of Pancasila and Rahmatan Lil’alamin Values in State Islamic Senior High Schools
The implementation of the Project to Strengthen the Pancasila Student Profile and the Rahmatan lil’alamin Profile (P5-PPRA) in State Islamic Senior High Schools (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri) faces persistent managerial challenges despite its strategic role in strengthening student character. This study examined how P5-PPRA has been strategically planned, implemented, and evaluated in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri in Gorontalo Province, with particular attention to supporting and inhibiting factors within an educational management framework. Using a qualitative case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with leaders, teachers, students, and stakeholders from the madrasah, supported by observations and document analysis. The validity was ensured by triangulation of sources, methods, and time. The findings demonstrated that P5-PPRA contributed positively to the awareness and enactment of Pancasila values by students and the Islamic principle of Rahmatan lil ‘alamin when embedded in institutional strategic management, curriculum integration, commitment to leadership and teacher facilitation. However, its effectiveness was constrained by limited human resources, inadequate infrastructure, resistance to organizational change, weak inter-institutional collaboration, and the absence of systematic evaluation mechanisms. The study offers a management-oriented paradigm for incorporating civic and religious values in Islamic secondary education by redefining character education as an organizational and managerial process as opposed to a strictly normative or pedagogical aim.
Copyright (c) 2026 Herson Anwar, Buhari Luneto, Wiwik Pratiwi, Irawan Irawan, Musthofa Musthofa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Transforming Fiqh Instruction Through the Cyber Scientific Approach: Enhancing Critical Thinking in Islamic Education
Fiqh learning in Indonesia has traditionally relied on lecture-based instruction rooted in pesantren pedagogy, which often prioritizes knowledge transmission over analytical engagement. This approach, while culturally embedded, poses challenges for cultivating critical thinking skills in 21st-century education. This study introduces the Cyber Scientific Approach (CSA), an instructional model that integrates the scientific method with guided cyber exploration to promote inquiry-based, student-centered learning in Fiqh classrooms. Employing a mixed-methods design, the research involved 60 senior secondary students across three grade levels, combining qualitative data from classroom observations and interviews with quantitative analysis of pre-test and post-test assessments using FRISCO indicators. CSA was implemented through a seven-stage process encompassing Observation, Questioning, Cyber Exploration, Association, Experimentation, Communication, and Conclusion. The findings demonstrate moderate but consistent improvements in students’ critical thinking skills across all grades, evidenced by statistical gains and enhanced classroom engagement. This study offers a structured pedagogical framework that aligns the normative foundations of Islamic jurisprudence with contemporary cognitive and digital competencies. It contributes to advancing Islamic education by providing an empirically grounded model for integrating critical thinking and technology in value-laden curricula.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sapiudin Sapiudin, Nur Luthfi Rizqa Herianingtyas, Yanti Herlanti, Syihaabul Hudaa, Muhammad Barid Nizarudin Wajdi, Luo Ying (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Multidimensional Predictive Model of Loneliness in Indonesian Generation Z
Loneliness among Generation Z has become a pressing public health issue, reflecting the paradox of increasing isolation despite high digital connectivity. This study aimed to test a multidimensional model integrating psychological, social, and spiritual factors to explain loneliness, with social support examined as a key mediating mechanism. Employing a quantitative cross-sectional design, data were collected from 527 Indonesian Generation Z participants using validated instruments, and analyzed through GSCA-SEM and path analysis with JASP. The findings revealed that self-compassion (β = -0.005, p = 0.015) and self-acceptance (β = -0.006, p = 0.007) directly reduced loneliness, while gratitude unexpectedly exhibited a positive association (β = 0.015, p = 0.005). Social support significantly mediated the influence of both social interaction (β = -0.037, p < 0.001) and self-compassion (β = -0.040, p < 0.001), explaining 54.7% of the variance (GFI = 0.947). These results challenge conventional theories, demonstrating that gratitude may operate differently in digital-native contexts and highlighting the central role of social support in translating interaction and psychological resources into reduced loneliness. The study offers theoretical innovation by proposing an integrated framework of loneliness and provides practical implications for developing culturally sensitive interventions for Generation Z in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Mahmudah, Salami Mahmud, Dian Mufitasari, Fuji Astutik, Umdatul Khoirot (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Amanah-Based Public Relations and Digital Trust in Islamic Private Universities
Public trust has emerged as a critical challenge for Private Islamic Universities (PTIS) in the digital era, particularly regarding the translation of Islamic ethical values from symbolic claims into concrete institutional practices. This study examines how the value of Amanah (trust) is internalized within Public Relations (PR) practices at PTIS in Jambi, positioning trust as both a religious-ethical principle and a professional standard that guides governance, communication, and digital engagement. Using a qualitative multi-site case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with institutional leaders, PR personnel, academic staff, administrative officers, and students, complemented by observation of institutional digital platforms. Data were analysed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that Amanah functions as an internal governing logic, shaping leadership integrity, policy transparency, participatory communication, and digital accountability. Trust is further strengthened through inclusive leadership, open communication channels, transparent academic and administrative policies, and responsible digital governance. However, the study also identifies persistent challenges, including inconsistent leadership modelling, weak oversight mechanisms, limited digital literacy, and concerns regarding academic data security. These results indicate that ethical values alone are insufficient to sustain digital trust without structural reinforcement and accountable digital systems. Ultimately, this study contributes to the field by conceptualizing Amanah as an operational PR principle that integrates Islamic ethics with contemporary digital trust governance in higher education.
Public Relations and Strategic Communication
Copyright (c) 2026 Iwan Aprianto, Mawardi Mawardi, Suparno Suparno, Jamrizal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Tarbiyyah Ruhiyyah and Deviant Behavior in Islamic Schools: An Empirical Sem-Based Study
Deviant behavior among students continues to challenge value-based educational institutions, raising concerns about the effectiveness of spirituality-oriented education in shaping moral self-regulation. This study investigates the role of tarbiyyah ruhiyyah as an internalized spiritual education model in reducing deviant behavior among Islamic secondary school students, with particular emphasis on the differential effects of its core dimensions. Using a quantitative design, survey data were collected from 120 students at a formal Islamic school in Indonesia and analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that spiritually internalized dimensions—namely, individual spiritual strengthening, interaction with the Qur’an, mentoring and moral coaching, and awareness of tazkiyatun nafs—significantly reduce deviant behavior. In contrast, routine religious practices performed without reflective depth show no significant behavioral effect. These results demonstrate that spirituality contributes to moral regulation only when it operates as an internalized, reflective, and relational process rather than as ritual compliance. The study advances moral and character education theory by empirically distinguishing transformative spirituality from ritualistic religiosity and offers practical insights for designing spirituality-based character education programs applicable across diverse cultural and educational contexts.
Educational Psychology and Behavioral Studies
Copyright (c) 2026 Hasan Basri, Muslikhin, Rizka Husnu Maulana, Mohammad Aqil Baihaqi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrating Mangenta Local Wisdom into Pesantren Leadership:An Empirical Model of Educational Transformation
Islamic boarding school (pesantren) leadership is increasingly required to respond to contemporary educational challenges while sustaining deeply rooted religious, cultural, and institutional traditions. However, integrative leadership models that systematically bridge indigenous wisdom with modern education remain underexplored. This study examines the development of an adaptive pesantren leadership framework by integrating the Mangenta philosophy as indigenous local knowledge with critical pedagogy and systematic transformation. Employing a quantitative research design, data were collected through structured surveys administered to kyai, teachers, and educational practitioners in pesantren settings and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Reliability and construct validity were confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha and Average Variance Extracted (AVE). The findings reveal that local knowledge exerts a strong influence on Mangenta philosophy, while critical pedagogy significantly mediates the internalization of local wisdom into leadership practices. Systematic transformation contributes as a supporting institutional condition that facilitates adaptation without undermining philosophical coherence. These results demonstrate that Mangenta-based local wisdom, when critically mediated and institutionally supported, forms a culturally grounded and adaptive pesantren leadership model. The study contributes to Islamic educational leadership scholarship by offering an empirically validated, context-sensitive framework that harmonizes tradition and innovation within faith-based educational institutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmadi Ahmadi, Abdul Azis, Ajahari Ajahari, Syuhud Syuhud, Wasehudin Wasehudin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrating Computational Thinking and Spirituality in Developing Students’ Critical Thinking: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Malaysia
Global educational challenges demand the development of critical thinking through approaches that integrate cognitive and ethical dimensions. This study examines how computational thinking and spirituality contribute to the development of students’ critical thinking skills in Indonesia and Malaysia. Using a quantitative design, data were collected from university students in both countries and analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The analysis reveals that computational thinking plays a more influential role in shaping students’ critical thinking in Malaysia, reflecting the strong emphasis on analytical and digital reasoning in instructional practices. In contrast, spirituality makes a stronger contribution in the Indonesian context, underscoring the importance of moral and spiritual values in supporting reflective and ethical reasoning. These differences highlight the role of cultural and pedagogical contexts in shaping cognitive development. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that integrating computational thinking and spirituality provides a holistic framework for strengthening students’ critical thinking, offering relevant implications for curriculum design and educational policy in higher education.
Educational Innovation and Learning Sciences
Copyright (c) 2026 Samsul Susilawati, Triyo Supriyatno, Ahmad Fatah Yasin, Zaidatun Tasir, Rika Inggit Asmawati, Abdulloh Chakim, Abd. Rahman Ambo’ Dalle (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Living Sufism: The Transformation of Dhikr Practices in Indonesian Majelis Ta’lim
While dhikr practices in majelis taklim have been widely examined, limited attention has been paid to how these practices acquire new meanings and social functions within the shifting contexts of contemporary Indonesian Muslim communities. This study examines dhikr not merely as a devotional ritual, but as a socially embedded practice through which Qur’anic engagement is transformed into ethical orientation and social relations. Using a descriptive-phenomenological approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and participatory observation across several majelis taklim affiliated with different Sufi ṭarīqas in Palu, Indonesia. The analysis reveals four interrelated themes: variations in participants’ understanding of dhikr from rote recitation to reflective awareness; strong aesthetic engagement through rhythm and melody that deepens emotional resonance; functional dimensions of dhikr that support religious learning, emotional regulation, and moral formation; and the emergence of faith-based social capital manifested in trust, reciprocity, and cooperative networks. Conceptually, the study advances the Dynamic Reception–Conversion Model (DRCM), which explains how dhikr operates as a process linking Qur’anic reception, social mediation, and socially productive outcomes. These findings contribute to Qur’anic reception studies and scholarship on “living Sufism” by demonstrating that dhikr functions as a dynamic mechanism of social transformation, offering implications for community cohesion and faith-sensitive approaches to education and social development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Saude Saude, Kamridah Kamridah, Saad Boulahnane (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Determinants of Inclusive Growth in Java: Evidence from District-Level Panel Data (2019–2023)
This study aims to examine the patterns and determinants of inclusive economic growth across districts and cities in Java Island by explicitly accounting for regional structural heterogeneity. Using secondary panel data from 23 regencies/cities over the period 2019–2023, the analysis employs panel data regression within the Klassen Typology framework to distinguish between developed and rapidly growing regions and developed but depressed regions. The findings indicate that economic growth consistently contributes positively to inclusive growth across regions, although its magnitude varies by regional typology. Human capital, financial inclusion, employment opportunities, and road infrastructure are found to enhance inclusiveness in both regional groups, while income inequality persistently constrains inclusive outcomes. Poverty significantly reduces inclusiveness only in developed and rapidly growing regions, whereas sanitation infrastructure plays a more prominent role in supporting inclusive growth in structurally constrained regions. These results demonstrate that inclusive growth mechanisms are context-dependent and region-specific, highlighting the limitations of uniform development policies. By integrating district-level panel data with a regional typology approach, this study contributes to the inclusive growth literature by emphasizing the importance of structural differentiation in translating economic growth into equitable development outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Wayan Suparta, Mairizal Salehudin Siatan, Marselina Marselina, Hanif Hanif (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Village Development Inequality in Indonesia: Mapping the Influence of Human Capital and Village Funds
Village-level development disparities remain a persistent challenge in Indonesia's broader economic progress. This study aimed to map and analyze regional disparities in village development across 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2018 to 2022, using the Village Development Index (VDI) as a proxy. Employing descriptive statistical analysis and spatial mapping, the study examined the roles of two key factors: human capital, measured by the Human Development Index (HDI), and fiscal transfers, proxied by the Village Fund. The findings revealed that provinces in Java generally achieved higher VDI scores compared to those outside Java, with Bali as a notable exception. The disparities were influenced by the quality of human resources, accessibility to basic services, proximity to economic centers, and the effectiveness of Village Fund management. The study underscored the importance of strengthening human capital, improving governance in fund allocation, and addressing structural inequalities to promote more equitable and sustainable village development. These insights offer valuable implications for national policy and contribute to broader discussions on inclusive development strategies in emerging economies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lukman Hakim, Muhammad Rizaldi, Agus Suman, Marlina Ekawaty, Akmal Riza, Nasywa Zhahirah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Transforming Caste Traditions: Intracultural Communication and Structural Changes Among the Kei People in Southeast Maluku
This study investigated the persistence and transformation of caste-based social stratification in Kei society, Southeast Maluku, amid processes of modernization and local democratization. While everyday social interactions increasingly reflected more fluid relations, traditional caste distinctions between Mel-mel, Ren-ren, and Iri-ri remained embedded in customary institutions, religious practices, and local political structures. This research aimed to examine how caste relationships were reproduced, negotiated, and contested through intracultural communication. Adopting a qualitative ethnographic design, data were collected through prolonged field observation, in-depth interviews with community members in caste groups, and analysis of customary practices, ritual roles, and local political participation. The findings showed that caste domination persisted through the sacralization of tradition, symbolic hierarchies, and patterns of economic dependence that normalized unequal social positions. At the same time, expanded access to education and participation in postreform local democratic processes enabled members of the Iri-ri group to renegotiate social identities and challenged inherited stigmas, particularly in political and bureaucratic arenas. This study demonstrated that caste in Kei society operated as a dynamic communicative process that simultaneously sustained social order and opened spaces for gradual transformation. The findings contribute to broader discussions on power, culture, and social inequality in post-traditional and indigenous societies.
Intercultural and Intracultural Communication
Sociology of Social Structure and Change
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Yamin Rumra, Saidin Ernas, Muliadi Mau (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Outcome-Based Education, E-Learning, and Student Satisfaction: Evidence from Indonesia and Thailand
The implementation of the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) curriculum in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Thailand, is relatively new; therefore, it is interesting to research students' responses to its implementation. This research aims to determine students' responses to the implementation of the OBE supported by E-Learning as a form of evaluation of the ongoing learning process. The subjects of this research were 250 students at the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training at Alma Ata University (UAA), Indonesia, and 250 students at the Islamic College at Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Thailand. This research hypothesizes that the implementation of the OBE curriculum supported by E-Learning at both universities has a significant influence on student satisfaction with learning. This research uses quantitative methods with a quasi-experimental research design. Based on the research results obtained, there was an increase in average student satisfaction before and after the implementation of the OBE Curriculum, supported by E-Learning, at the two universities. This can be seen from the results of the Independent Samples t Test with sig. P-value <0.05. The OBE Curriculum, supported by E-Learning with a blended learning model, is very suitable for implementation at universities as a form of learning revolution in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Salim, Ibrahim Narongraksakhet, Aida Hayani, Kana Safrina Rouzi, Mufida Awalia Putri, Aris Hassama, Ahmad Anis Abdullah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Indonesian as a Regional Lingua Franca in the Asean Economic Community
Despite sustained policy initiatives to promote Bahasa Indonesia internationally, its strategic development as a regional lingua franca within the ASEAN Economic Community has received limited scholarly attention, particularly in relation to economic integration and multilingual governance. This study examines whether Indonesian can function as a regional lingua franca in ASEAN and analyses how its internal linguistic conditions (strengths and weaknesses) and external environment (opportunities and threats) shape its internationalization prospects. Employing a qualitative research design, the study applies a structured SWOT analysis to official policy documents, institutional strategies, and regional cooperation frameworks relevant to ASEAN. The findings reveal that, despite strong demographic presence, legal recognition, and geopolitical significance, the internationalization of Indonesian is constrained by fragmented governance, limited cross-sectoral coordination, and the absence of a coherent long-term strategic roadmap. The study argues that advancing Indonesian as a regional lingua franca requires a paradigmatic shift in language policy, reconceptualizing it as a multi-sectoral process integrated with diplomacy, economic cooperation, education, and cultural governance. Rather than serving solely as a communicative medium, Indonesian must be positioned as a strategic policy asset embedded within ASEAN’s political–economic structures. By situating Indonesian within a Global South perspective, this study contributes to broader debates on regional lingua franca formation beyond English-centred models.
Language and Regional Integration Studies
Copyright (c) 2026 Fahmy Lukman, Riki Nasrullah, Cece Sobarna, Tubagus Chaeru Nugraha (Author); Muhammad Zulfi Abdul Malik; El-Sawi Ahmed Abdel Rahim (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Developing and Testing Inquiry-Based E-Modules for Learning Plant Structure and Tissues in Senior High Schools
Plant structure and tissues constitute fundamental topics in senior high school biology; however, students’ learning outcomes in this area remain unsatisfactory due to conceptual complexity and limited instructional support. To address this issue, this study aimed to develop and examine the effectiveness of an inquiry-based interactive e-module for learning plant structure and tissues at the senior high school level. The study employed a Research and Development approach using Thiagarajan’s 4-D model, which consists of the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. The dissemination stage was conducted through an experimental method using a pretest–posttest control group design. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, questionnaires, observations, and learning outcome tests, and analyzed using descriptive techniques and an independent samples t-test. The results indicate that the developed inquiry-based e-module is pedagogically feasible and statistically effective in improving students’ learning outcomes compared to conventional instruction. The e-module can function both as an independent learning resource and as an instructional support within classroom and online learning environments. This study contributes empirical evidence that integrating inquiry-based pedagogy into digital learning modules enhances conceptual understanding and supports more active and independent learning in biology education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhibbuddin Muhibbuddin, Wiwit Artika, Samsul Kamal, Sajid Ali Yousuf Zai (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Transformational–Spiritual Leadership in HRM and Lecturer Competence at Indonesian Islamic Universities
Human resource management (HRM) at State Islamic Higher Education Institutions (PTKIN) has predominantly emphasized administrative efficiency and academic performance, while the integration of transformational leadership and spiritual values remains insufficiently institutionalized. This study aims to analyze how integrating transformational–spiritual leadership into HRM practices strengthens lecturer competence in PTKIN in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach with a multi-site design, the study was conducted at UIN Raden Intan Lampung, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, and IAIN Ponorogo. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving institutional leaders, senior and junior lecturers, and purposively selected students. The findings reveal that transformational–spiritual leadership is systematically operationalized within HRM practices, particularly in lecturer recruitment, professional development, performance evaluation, and participatory decision-making processes. This integration shapes lecturer competence not only in academic and professional dimensions but also in personal integrity, intrinsic motivation, ethical commitment, and service orientation. The study contributes to leadership and higher education governance literature by demonstrating that transformational–spiritual leadership functions as an integrated governance logic rather than a symbolic or individual leadership attribute. Practically, the findings offer a strategic framework for PTKIN to enhance academic competitiveness while preserving Islamic identity and moral legitimacy within the global higher education landscape.
Organizational Behavior in Higher Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Ali Abdul Wakhid, Idrus Ruslan, Arifeen Yama (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Preserving Language, Resolving Conflict: Insights from Aceh and Patani
The preservation of local languages is critical in conflict-affected regions. Yet, a significant gap exists in comparative analysis exploring how divergent political settlements—post-conflict settlement versus ongoing conflict—shape language preservation strategies and outcomes. This study investigates how the de-securitization of language in Aceh, Indonesia, versus the ongoing language securitization in Patani, Thailand, produces fundamentally different strategies and challenges for revitalization. Employing a comparative case study methodology, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 stakeholders across both regions, performed non-participatory observation, and analyzed policy documents. Our findings reveal that Aceh’s formal recognition is undermined by implementation gaps, leading to institutional decay, while Patani’s grassroots efforts are constrained by state suspicion, fostering a model of community resilience. The study concludes that the state’s political decision to (de)securitize a minority language is the pivotal factor determining whether preservation efforts can achieve sustainable, institutionalized vitality beyond mere survival. This research offers a nuanced model for understanding the state’s central role in peacebuilding (SDG 16) through linguistic diversity, providing vital insights for language preservation strategies in other multilingual, conflict-affected regions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Saiful Akmal, Melly Masni, Anwar Koma, Ahmad Faizuddin, Nissa 'Ulfitri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Physical Activity and Preschool Social Development: Cultural and Contextual Insights from Indonesia
This study examines the relationship between digital game exposure, physical activity, and social competence among preschool children in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. While global debates frequently portray screen time as inherently detrimental, limited evidence from Southeast Asian contexts has analyzed how digital engagement and outdoor play jointly influence early social development. Grounded in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, this research investigates associations between daily screen time, outdoor physical activity, and children’s expressive, compliant, and disruptive behaviors. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 213 parents of children aged 2–5 years. Social competence was measured using the culturally adapted Adaptive Social Behavior Inventory (ASBI), alongside parent-reported screen time and outdoor play duration. Multiple linear regression analyses were applied while controlling for demographic variables. The results indicate that extended screen time is negatively associated with compliant behavior, whereas outdoor physical activity is positively associated with expressive and compliant behaviors. These findings suggest that developmental outcomes depend not merely on digital exposure itself, but on the balance between individualized screen use and socially interactive play. By providing culturally contextualized evidence from Indonesia, this study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of digital childhood in non-Western settings.
Physical Education and Child Development
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilga Maria, Muhammad Abdul Latif, Rahayu Dwi Utami, Ria Novianti, Asfi Yanti WE (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Social Entrepreneurship Education and Students’ Social Entrepreneurial Intentions: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in Mongolia
Social entrepreneurship education has increasingly been promoted as a strategic approach to addressing social and economic challenges, particularly in developing-country contexts. However, empirical evidence explaining how such education translates into students’ intentions to engage in social entrepreneurship remains limited in the Global South. This study examined the relationship between social entrepreneurship education and social entrepreneurial intention, with entrepreneurial self-efficacy serving as a mediating variable. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, data were collected from 397 undergraduate students enrolled in five national universities in Mongolia. The data were analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) to test the proposed relationships. The results indicated that social entrepreneurship education had a positive but relatively modest direct effect on social entrepreneurial intention, while entrepreneurial self-efficacy showed a strong and significant influence on intention. Moreover, entrepreneurial self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between social entrepreneurship education and social entrepreneurial intention, suggesting that education primarily shaped intention by strengthening students’ confidence in their entrepreneurial capabilities. These findings highlighted the importance of psychological empowerment in transforming educational exposure into entrepreneurial motivation. This study contributes to the social entrepreneurship literature by providing empirical evidence from an underexplored Global South context and offers practical implications for higher education institutions seeking to design more effective social entrepreneurship education programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Altanchimeg Zanabazar, Altanchimeg Dugersuren, Tungalag Jargalsaikhan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Affective Assessment within Madrasa Teachers: An Analysis of Iterative Thematic Inquiry
Effective assessment of students’ attitudes, behaviors, and values is a key component of value-based education reforms, yet its implementation often remains uneven at the classroom level. This study examines how affective assessment policies are enacted in madrasa education under the KDJPI framework in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Using a qualitative research design grounded in Iterative Thematic Inquiry, the study analyzes data from questionnaires administered to 224 madrasa teachers, semi-structured interviews with six teachers (E1–E6), and relevant instructional documents. The findings show that the persistent gap between affective assessment policy and practice cannot be sufficiently explained by teachers’ lack of commitment or competence. Although teachers generally demonstrate positive orientations toward affective assessment instruments such as reflective journaling and checklists, their implementation remains inconsistent due to structural constraints, including limited instructional time, large class sizes, administrative demands, and insufficient institutional support. In response, teachers adopt adaptive strategies that reflect professional agency but also reveal the limits of individual effort in the absence of coherent governance arrangements. By conceptualizing affective assessment as a negotiated and structurally constrained practice, this study contributes to debates on policy enactment and non-cognitive assessment in value-based education systems, with implications extending beyond the specific socio-religious context of Aceh.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zubaidah Zubaidah, Suraiya Suraiya, Abdul Manan, Kamarullah Kamarullah, Rahimah Embong, Nurrahmi Nurrahmi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0