Conflict And Consensus in Fiqh Siyasah: The Practice of Islamic Law Across Various Cultures

  • Muji Mulia Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  • Zulfatmi Zulfatmi Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  • Zakki Fuad Khalil Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  • Cecep Soleh Kurniawan Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali, Brunei Darussalam
  • Darlin Rizki Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh, Aceh, Indonesia

Abstract

The Acehnese in various regions face the challenge of reconciling Islamic teachings with local cultural realities. Addressing religion-based conflicts is particularly difficult because local cultures often contain norms and traditions that differ from Islamic teachings. This research aims to explore how the dynamics of conflict and consensus in fiqh siyasah shape the cultural life of the Acehnese. The research consolidates previous studies using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The findings indicate that the practice of siyasah jurisprudence is highly relevant in fostering social solidarity and tolerance. Local traditions and customs hold deep significance for the Acehnese community; however, conflicts often arise due to differences in approaches and interpretations of Islamic law, leading to tension, mistrust, and suspicion among individuals. Presently, religion-based conflicts are mediated solely by Sharia courts, raising concerns as the prevailing consensus favors a socio-cultural approach. Such resolution methods generate diverse perspectives, as decisions made by customary institutions may not endure in a dynamic socio-cultural context. Although the Acehnese community firmly adheres to a culture-based approach, religious issues remain difficult to compromise. These findings imply a need for harmonization between local customs and interpretations of Islamic law to reduce conflict.

References

Abdullah, A., Syahri, A., Hamamah, F., Gafur, A., & Sholeh, A. (2024). Fulfillment of The Living Rights of Children the Victims of Divorce in the Muslim Community of Lombok, Indonesia. El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 7(1), 253–271. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v7i1.22281.
Abdullah, N.A., Temyati, Z., & Mamat, M.N. (2021). Technology Related Tahfiz Al-Quran Learning in Malaysia: A Systematic Literature Review: Pembelajaran Tahfiz Al-Quran Berbantukan Teknologi di Malaysia (Satu Kajian Sorotan Literatur Sistematik). Sains Insani, 6(3), 47-52. https://sainsinsani.usim.edu.my/index.php/sainsinsani/article/view/361.
Agustina, A. M., & Ismah, N. (2024). Challenging Traditional Islamic Authority: Indonesian Female Ulama and the Fatwa Against Forced Marriages. Journal of Islamic Law, 5(1), 125–146. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v5i1.2319
Ahmad, R. (2022). Speaking The Unspeakable: The Status of “Non-Muslims” in Indonesia. Samarah, 6(2), 734-756. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i2.13576.
Al Fairusy, M. (2016). “Menjadi Singkel Menjadi Aceh, Menjadi Aceh enjadi Islam” (Membaca Identitas Masyarakat Majemuk dan Refleksi Konflik Agama di Wilayah Perbatasan-Aceh Singkel). Jurnal Sosiologi USK (Media Pemikiran & Aplikasi), 9(1), 17-33. https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/JSU/article/view/9258.
Ansori. (2022). Position of fatwa in Islamic law: the effectiveness of MUI, NU, and Muhammadiyah fatwas. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 22(1), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v22i1.53-71.
Arake, L., Makkarateng, M. Y., Abidin, K., Baharuddin, E., & Yusuf, M. (2023). Non-Binary Gender in Siyasah Syar’iyah Perspective: Study at Religious Universities in South Sulawesi. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 7(3), 1708–1733. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.20152.
Ariadi, L.M. (2017). Islam Sasak: Sebuah Manifestasi Fikih-Budaya. Schemata: Jurnal Pasca Sarjana IAIN Mataram, 6(2), 155-166. https://journal.uinmataram.ac.id/index.php/schemata/article/view/842.
Ariefulloh, A., Nugroho, H., Angkasa, A., & Ardhanariswari, R. (2023). Restorative justice-based criminal case resolution in Salatiga, Indonesia: Islamic law perspective and legal objectives. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 23(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.18326/IJTIHAD.V23I1.19-36.
Avita, N., Idris, A. R., & Oktalita, F. (2022). Integration of Tradition and Sharia: Dowry and Dui Menre in the Marriage of the Bugis Community in Bone Regency. El-Mashlahah, 12(2), 124–138. https://doi.org/10.23971/elma.v12i2.4712.
Baydi, U., & Laitsa Nailul Husna. (2023). Decoding the Cultural Significance of Pengaosan Tafsir Al-Ibriz in Kedawung, Mojo, Kediri: An Analysis of Social Meanings. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis, 24(1), 59–78. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v24i1.3904.
Dara, D.G.R., Putro, K.Z., & Irsyad, M. (2021). Analisis Adat Budaya Aceh Pada Tradisi Mee Buu Tujuh Bulanan Ibu Hamil. Jurnal Pelita Paud, 6(1), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.33222/pelitapaud.v6i1.1494.
Dermawan, W., & Puspitawati, P. (2019). Makna Kuda dalam Tradisi Upacara Pernikahan Suku Alas di Aceh Tenggara. Anthropos: Jurnal Antropologi Sosial dan Budaya, 5(1), 40-50. https://jurnal.unimed.ac.id/2012/index.php/antrophos/article/view/13097.
Durkheim, E. (2018). The Division of labor in Society. In Social Stratification (pp. 217-222). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429494642.
Dwiono, S., Ja’far, A. K., & Haryadi, S. (2024). An Analysis on the Omnibus Law and Its Challenges in Indonesia: The Perspectives of the Constitutional and the Islamic Law. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 8(2), 706–725. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i2.22720.
Fahmi, M., Hasan, N. A., Usman, I., Abdullah, A., & Hanafiyah, M. (2022). Punishment for Zina Muhsān Offenders in Aceh Qanun No. 6 of 2014 in the Perspective of Fiqh al-Siyāsah. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Dan Hukum Islam, 6(1), 346–368. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i1.13363.
Fikri, M. (2015). Islam Persuasif dan Multikulturalisme di Aceh. Akademika: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 20(1), 27-46. http://e-journal.metrouniv.ac.id/index.php/akademika/article/view/431.
Fikriyati, U. (2023). Architectural Interpretations of Qur’anic and Hadith Influences in Traditional Indonesian Mosques During the Walisanga Era. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis, 24(2), 253–284. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v24i2.4657.
Gusmansyah, W. (2019). Trias Politica dalam Perspektif Fikih Siyasah. Al Imarah : Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Politik Islam, 2(2), 123-134. https://doi.org/10.29300/imr.v2i2.1448.
Hakim, D.A., & Havez, M. (2020). Politik Hukum Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia dalam Perspektif Fikih Siyasah Dusturiyah. Tanjungpura Law Journal, 4(2), 85-116. https://doi.org/10.26418/tlj.v4i2.41913.
Hanif, F., Athief, N., Rizki, D., & Pratwindya, A. (2022). Performa Bank Wakaf Mikro Selama 2017-2021: Sebuah Studi Literatur Sistematis (Systematic Literature Review). Iqtishadia, 9(2), 204–221. https://doi.org/10.19105/iqtishadia.v9i2.6727.
Harahap, B., Risfandy, T., & Futri, I.N. (2023). Islamic Law, Islamic Finance, and Sustainable Development Goals: A Systematic Literature Review. Sustainability, 15(8), 6626. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086626.
Hasballah, K., Mubarrak, D., & Rassanjani, S. (2023). Disparity in Judge Decisions in Resolving Rad Inheritance Disputes: Case Study at the Sharia Court in Banda Aceh City. El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 6(2), 249–261. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v6i2.8612.
Hassan, Y. (2022). A Decade of Research On Muslim Entrepreneurship. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(6), 1288–1311. https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-12-2019-0269.
Hayati, S. M., Khitam, H., Erfan, Z., & Amini, A. (2024). Religious Tradition and Technology: Debate among Penghulus about Online Marriage Law in Banjarmasin. Journal of Islamic Law, 5(1), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v5i1.2187.
Idri, I. (2012). Pengenalan Metodologi Filosofis dalam Kajian Fikih Budaya dan Sosial. KARSA Journal of Social and Islamic Culture, 2(2), 165-175. https://ejournal.iainmadura.ac.id/karsa/article/view/40.
Iswantoro, I., & Tobroni, F. (2022). Rationalization of Islamic Legal Considerations in Marriage Dispensation: A Lesson from Katingan, Central Kalimantan. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 16(2), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v16i2.7074.
Iqbal, M. (2016). Fiqh Siyasah Konstekstualisasi Doktrin Politik Islam. Jakarta: Kencana.
Juwaini, J., Yasin, T.H.M., & Anzaikhan, M. (2021). The Role of Islamic Universities in the Harmony of the Madhhab (Resolution of the Aswaja and Wahabism Conflicts in Aceh). Millati: Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities, 6(2), 149–170. https://doi.org/10.18326/mlt.v6i2.6148.
Kamaludin, A., & Iskandar. (2022). Islamic Fanatism and Terrorism Cases in Indonesia the Perspective of Islamic Criminal Law. El-Mashlahah, 12(2), 153–163. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v12i2.4397.
Kurniawan, P. (2017). Akulturasi Hukum Islam dan Budaya Lokal. Yurisprudentia: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi, 3(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.24952/yurisprudentia.v3i2.1518.
Kusmayanti, H. (2021). Pengalihan Wakaf oleh Sarak Opat di Aceh Tengah Ditinjau Hukum Islam dan Hukum Adat. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 15(2), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v15i2.3285.
Machsun, M. A. F. (2023). Linguistic Complexity in Hadith: An Examination of the Role and Origins of “Al-kalimat al-mubtakirah” in Hadith. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v24i2.4634.
Mardiah, A., Monang, S., & Kamal, A. (2022). Ritual Kematian dalam Masyarakat Suku Alas di Desa Batu Mbulan II, Aceh Tenggara. SINTHOP: Media Kajian Pendidikan, Agama, Sosial Dan Budaya, 1(2), 125–144. https://doi.org/10.22373/sinthop.v1i2.2394.
Masykur, F. (2023). Syariah, Fiqh Dan Siyasah: Suatu Telaah terhadap Konsepsi, Relasi, Implikasi dan Aplikasinya. Syar’ie : Jurnal Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam, 6(1), 13-26. https://doi.org/10.51476/syarie.v6i1.462.
Miswar, M., Selian, F.H., Sari, P., Hasanah, U., & Wahyudi, I. (2021). Ritual Keagamaan dan Tradisi Budaya Masyarakat Alas yang ada di Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara. Al Amin: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Dan Budaya Islam, 4(2), 271–275. https://doi.org/10.36670/alamin.v4i02.113.
Mu’adzah, N. (2022). Ushul Fiqh, Qaidah Fiqhiyyah, and Islamic Jurisprudence: A Review. Journal of Islamic Economic Literatures, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.58968/jiel.v3i2.130.
Muawwanah, N. (2024). The Evolution of “Kafir” in the Qur’an: A Diachronic Study on the Socio-Political Influences Shaping Its Meaning. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis, 25(1), 187–220. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v25i1.5564.
Muhtadi, A.S. (2019). Komunikasi Lintas Agama: Mencari Solusi Konflik Agama. In Conference Proceeding Iconimad, 274–300. https://fais.psu.ac.th/iconimad2019/proceeding.html.
Murad, A.N., & Rizki, D. (2023). Development of Religious Moderation Study on Prevention of Radicalism in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review Approach. POTENSIA: Jurnal Kependidikan Islam, 8(2), 198-224. http://doi.org/10.24014/potensia.v8i2.20727.
Mursyid, A. Y., AlBaihaqi, M. D., & Murtafi’ah , A. R. (2024). Politics and Pluralism: Analyzing State Official Tafsir and Interfaith Discourse in Indonesia. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis, 25(1), 57–75. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v25i1.5379.
Najitama, F. (2007). Sejarah Pergumulan Hukum Islam dan Budaya serta Implikasinya bagi Pembangunan Hukum Islam Khas Indonesia. Al-Mawarid: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 17, 101–114. https://journal.uii.ac.id/JHI/article/view/207.
Nisak, C.L.C., & Rohmah, T. M. (2023). Dinamika Konflik antar Wahabi dan Aswaja di Aceh. Sinthop: Media Kajian Pendidikan, Agama, Sosial Dan Budaya, 2(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22373/sinthop.v2i1.2774.
Nurdin, A. (2013). Revitalisasi Kearifan Lokal di Aceh: Peran Budaya dalam Menyelesaikan Konflik Masyarakat. Analisis, 13(1), 135–154. http://doi.org/10.24042/ajsk.v13i1.645.
Nurdin, A., & Kasim, F.M. (2017). Resolusi Konflik Berbasis Adat di Aceh: Studi tentang Azas dan Dampaknya dalam Membangun Perdamaian di Lhokseumawe. Conference Proceedings – Aricis I, 589–601. http://doi.org/10.22373/aricis.v1i0.975.
Nurdin, F., & Fazal, K. (2022). Fungsi dan Makna Tradisi Reuhab pada Masyarakat Gampong Kuta Aceh. Jurnal Sosiologi USK (Media Pemikiran & Aplikasi), 16(2), 229-240. https://doi.org/10.24815/jsu.v16i2.27275.
Nurdin, R., Abdullah, M., Fahmi, Z., & Darna, A. (2023). The Role of Customary Leaders as Hakam in Resolving Divorce: A Case Study in Kuta Alam Subdistrict, Banda Aceh City. El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 6(2), 430–443. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v6i2.12710.
Nuroniyah, W., & Maula, B. S. (2022). Muslim women adhering to Minangkabau’s bajapuik tradition in Cirebon, West Java: compromizing a gendered culture in Islamic law. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 22(2), 135–153. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v22i2.135-153.
Nusyur, R. (2017). Jurnalisme Damai dalam Pemberitaan Pembakaran Gereja di Aceh Singkil pada Harian Waspada. Jurnal Komunikasi Global, 6(1), 26–38. https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/JKG/article/view/9183.
Puji Pangastuti, B. (2023). Contextualizing Justice in Times of Crisis: A Study of QS. Al-Mā’idah 5:38 and its Application in Criminal Theft Cases. Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis, 24(1), 161–180. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.v24i1.4047.
Pujiono, A. H. (2021). Membaca Dasar-Dasar dan Implementasi Fikih Budaya K.H. Ma’ruf Amin. An Nawawi, 1(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.55252/annawawi.v1i1.7.
Raharjo, T. (2010). Mediasi Pidana dalam Ketentuan Hukum Pidana Adat. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 17(3), 492-519. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol17.iss3.art8.
Riana, R., Ilham, I., Fasya, T.K., & Yunanda, R. (2023). Tradisi Upacara Peutren Aneuk pada Masyarakat Aceh Barat: Proses, Makna dan Nilai. Aceh Anthropological Journal, 7(1), 122–139. https://doi.org/10.29103/aaj.v7i1.10984.
Riezal, C., Joebagio, H., & Susanto, S. (2019). Kontruksi Makna Tradisi Peusijuek dalam Budaya Aceh. Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya, 20(2), 145–155. https://doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v20.n2.p145-155.2018.
Rizki, D., Hamzah, Moh., Fakhiroh, Z., & Hendri, D. (2023). Best Practice Halal Integrity Management in the Logistic Chain Scheme: Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of Islamic Economic Laws, 6(1), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.23917/jisel.v6i1.19867.
Rois, C., Irfan, A., Toyyib, M., & Ali, M.M. (2024). Recontextualization of Fiqh Al-Siyāsah from the Perspective of Fiqh Al-Ḥaḍarah in Realizing World Peace. Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, 14(1), 335–351. https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.141.20.
Rosana, E. (2017). Konflik pada Kehidupan Masyarakat (Telaah Mengenai Teori dan Penyelesaian Konflik pada Masyarakat Modern). Al-Adyan: Jurnal Studi Lintas Agama, 10(2), 216-230. http://doi.org/10.24042/ajsla.v10i2.1430.
Sadiani, Emzaed, A. M., Amin, M., Mualimin, & Rosadhillah, V. K. (2023). Progressive Islamic Law and Misek Tradition of Dayak Ngaju in Central Kalimantan. El-Mashlahah, 13(2), 225–244. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v13i2.7624.
Salisu, A., & Saniff, S. M. (2023). A Systematic Literature Review on the Relationship between Sharia Regulatory Framework and Islamic Fatwa. Revenue: Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Islam, 4(1), 1-8. http://doi.org/10.24042/revenue.v4i1.16027.
Sari, C.M.A. (2016). Pro dan Kontra Implementasi Qanun Syariat Islam di Aceh. JRP (Jurnal Review Politik), 6(1), 68-89. https://doi.org/10.15642/jrp.2016.6.1.68-89.
Setiyawan, A. (2012). Budaya Lokal dalam Perspektif Agama: Legitimasi Hukum Adat (‘Urf) dalam Islam. Esensia, 13(2), 203–222. https://doi.org/10.14421/esensia.v13i2.738.
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature Review as a Research Methodology: An Overview and Guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039.
Syamsuar, S. (2020). Teungku Chiek Dirundeng’s Struggle in Confronting Dutch Colonial. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v8i1.336.
Syamsuar, S., Al-Fairusy, M., Junaidi, J., & Mulia, M. (2023). Settlement of Islamic Sharia Violations in the Perspective of Teungku Dayah and Local Wisdom Values on the West Coast of Aceh. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 11(3), 985–1004. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v11i3.995.
Takdir, M., Munir, F., Ludhfi, A., Muliyanzah, & Muttaqin, Z. (2023). The Takharrūj Method as an Islamic Legal Solution for Customary Inheritance Practices among Muslim Communities in Pakamban Laok, Sumenep, Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Law, 4(1), 104–122. https://doi.org/10.24260/jil.v4i1.1044.
Triyono, A., & Setyawan, A.J. (2021). Aceh dan Konflik Agama: Konstruksi Pada Harian Republika. Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam, 22(1), 141-158. https://doi.org/10.23917/profetika.v22i1.14773.
Widyastuti, T. (2017). Pengaruh Komunikasi Asertif Terhadap Pengelolaan Konflik. Widya Cipta, 1(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.31294/widyacipta.v1i1.1392.
Yasir, M. (2022). Ijma’ dalam Ushul Fikih. Syariah: Journal Of Islamic Law, 4(2), 126-143. https://doi.org/10.22373/jiis.v4i2.92.
Yuhasnibar, Y., & Wati, R. (2023). The Law on the Tripple Talaq at Once in the View of Yusuf Al Qaradawi’s in Contemporary Context: Analysis of Sadd Al-Żarī’ah Theory. El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 6(2), 381–398. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v6i2.10180.
Zainuri, A., Muslimin, A., & Mukhlishin, A. (2023). Problems of Sirri Marriage and Prisoners: A Case Study in Sukadana, East Lampung, Indonesia. El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga, 6(2), 335–347. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v6i2.17487.
Published
2024-09-30
How to Cite
MULIA, Muji et al. Conflict And Consensus in Fiqh Siyasah: The Practice of Islamic Law Across Various Cultures. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, [S.l.], v. 12, n. 3, p. 1263-1288, sep. 2024. ISSN 2443-2067. Available at: <https://www.journal.scadindependent.org/index.php/jipeuradeun/article/view/1363>. Date accessed: 02 dec. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v12i3.1363.