Padlet-Based Collaborative Writing and Digital Competence in EFL Academic Writing: Evidence from Indonesian Higher Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v14i2.2626Keywords:
Padlet, Collaborative writing, Academic Writing Skills, Digital Competence, Higher EducationAbstract
This study addresses a limitation in digital collaborative writing research by positioning digital competence as a moderating mechanism shaping students’ participation in Padlet-based collaborative academic writing, rather than treating it as a background learner characteristic. Previous studies have mainly examined learning outcomes or engagement when using collaborative platforms, with limited attention to how differences in digital competence influence collaborative interaction processes in technology-mediated writing environments. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, this study involved 30 undergraduate students in an Academic Writing course at a private Indonesian university. Data were collected through a digital competence questionnaire, pre- and post-writing tests, and semi-structured interviews. The findings show that Padlet supported improvements in idea organization, peer interaction, and higher-order writing performance, while digital competence shaped students’ interaction strategies and participation patterns. This study contributes by demonstrating that digital competence is a key mechanism influencing collaborative writing participation in higher education digital learning environments.
References
Abedi, Z., & Tabatabaee-Yazdi, M. (2023). Does Digital Literacy Provide Evidence for Iranian EFL Learners’ Cooperative Learning in online Classrooms. Journal of Contemporary Language Research, 2(3), 158–166. https://doi.org/10.58803/jclr.v2i3.74
Aljuaid, H. (2024). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Tools on Academic Writing Instruction in Higher Education: A Systematic Review. Arab World English Journal, 1(1), 26–55. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/ChatGPT.2
Alsubaie, A., & Madini, A. A. (2018). The Effect of using Blogs to Enhance the Writing Skill of English Language Learners at a Saudi University. Global Journal of Educational Studies, 4(1), 13-30. https://doi.org/10.5296/gjes.v4i1.12224
Bach, A., & Thiel, F. (2024). Collaborative online learning in higher education—quality of digital interaction and associations with individual and group-related factors. In Frontiers in Education, 9, 1356271. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1356271
Brodahl, C., & Hansen, N. K. (2014). Education Students’ use of Collaborative Writing Tools in Collectively Reflective Essay Papers. Journal of Information Technology Education:Research, 13(1), 91–120. https://doi.org/10.28945/1960
Bucur, N.-F., & Popa, O.-R. (2017). Digital Competence in Learning English as a Foreign Language Opportunities and Obstacles. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Virtual Learning, Icvl 2017, October, 257–263. https://doi.org/10.61978/lingua.v2i4.1044
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (Fifth Edition). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Dooly, M., & Sadler, R. (2016). Becoming Little Scientists: Technological Tools and Task-Based Language Learning. Language Learning & Technology, 20(1), 54–74. https://doi.org/10.64152/10125/44446
Erydani, V. A. C., Fitriati, S. W., Widhiyanto, W., Mujiyanto, J., & Madjdi, A. H. (2025). Exploring Tiktok’s Impact On ESP Students’ Speaking Engagement. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 13(2), 847–876. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v13i2.1700
Fathi, J., Arabani, A. S., & Mohamadi, P. (2021). The Effect of Collaborative Writing using Google Docs on EFL Learners’ Writing Performance and Writing Self-Regulation. Language Related Research, 12(5), 333–359. https://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article_6961.html
Gopalan, C. (2016). The Impact of Rapid Change in Educational Technology on Teaching in Higher Education. HAPS Educator, 20(4), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.21692/haps.2016.037
Hampel, R., & Stickler, U. (2015). Developing Online Language Teaching: Research-Based Pedagogies and Reflective Practices. Springer.
Han, R., Alibakhshi, G., Lu, L., & Labbafi, A. (2024). Digital Communication Activities and EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate and Engagement: Exploring the Intermediate Language Learners’ Perceptions. Heliyon, 10(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25213
Hardinansyah, V., & Hamidah, F. N. (2024). The Effectiveness of AI Technology in Improving Academic English Writing Skills in Higher Education. Journal of Language and Literature Studies, 4(3), 579–593. https://doi.org/10.36312/jolls.v4i3.2031
Herlina, L., Hadisaputra, P., Yaqin, L. N., & Zulkifli, M. (2025). Analysis of Student Product Quality in Integrative, Collaborative, and Project-Based Learning Viewed from Islamic Religious Education in Higher Education. Ulumuna, 29(2), 1099–1134. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v29i2.1295
Hoang, D. T. N., & Hoang, T. (2024). Enhancing EFL Students’ Academic Writing Skills in Online Learning via Google Docs-Based Collaboration. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 37(7), 1504–1526. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2022.2083176
Imam, B., Asa, T., & Arochman, T. (2024). Exploring higher Education Students’ Perspective of using Padlet as a tool for Developing Writing Skill. International Journal of English Linguistics, Literature, and Education (IJELLE), 6(2), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.32585/ijelle.v6i2.5307
Ismail, D. R., Pranata, A. J., & Jaya, P. H. (2025). English Literature Students’ Problems in English Writing: A Comprehensive Analysis. Journal of Islamic Studies and Education, 3(2), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.63120/jise.v4i1.64
Juanda, J., & Fitri, S. (2025). Pembelajaran Kolaboratif Berbasis Literasi Digital terhadap Kompetensi Menulis Esai Mahasiswa. Fon: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 21(2), 343-360. https://doi.org/10.25134/fs9bxv39
Kwiatkowska, W., & Wiśniewska-Nogaj, L. (2022). Digital Skills and Online Collaborative Learning: The Study Report. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 20(5), 510–522. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.20.5.2412
Legi, H., Damanik, D., & Giban, Y. (2023). Transforming Education through Technological Innovation in the Face of the Era of Society 5.0. Educenter : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 2(2), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.55904/educenter.v2i2.822
Lestari, S. (2017). Implementing Padlet Application to Improve Writing Ability in English Writing Skill for Non English Department Students. LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal, 7(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.18592/let.v7i1.1640
Li, M., & Kim, D. (2016). One Wiki, Two Groups: Dynamic Interactions Across ESL Collaborative Writing Tasks. Journal of Second Language Writing, 31, 22–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2016.01.002
Mabuan, R. A. (2018). Using Blogs in Teaching Tertiary ESL Writing. English Review: Journal of English Education, 6(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v6i2.1238
Muhria, L., Tabrani, Z. A., Erydani, V. A. C., Dewi, D. S., & Mahdi, M. A. (2025). Fostering Cross-cultural Competence and Reading Comprehension through Digital Shared Reading in an Indonesian EFL Classroom. Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 6(3), 635-644. https://doi.org/10.46843/jiecr.v6i3.2433
Mulyadi, E., Naniwarsih, A., Omolu, F. A., Manangkari, I., & Amiati, D. R. (2021). The Application of Padlet in Teaching and Learning of Writing Recount Text at Senior High School in Palu City. In AECon 2020: Proceedings of The 6th Asia-Pacific Education And Science Conference (pp. 446-456). https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.19-12-2020.2309182
Mutiamiftah, M., Atmowardoyo, H., & Jabu, B. (2018). Emailing in English Writing: A Case Study towards Students in Two Classes at SMA Negeri 1 Sinjai. ELT Worldwide: Journal of English Language Teaching, 5(2), 83-96. https://doi.org/10.26858/eltww.v5i2.7331
Nawawi, M., & Utami, C. P. (2024). Students ’ Perspectives on the use of Padlet Wall in Writing Classes. IJLHE: International Journal of Language, Humanities, and Education, 7(2), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.52217/ijlhe.v7i2.1593
Nurramdaeni, N., & Suryaman, M. (2021). Padlet-Assisted Descriptive Text Writing: How did Indonesian EFL Senior High School Students’ Experience? Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusi, 5(3), 8910–8919. https://jptam.org/index.php/jptam/article/view/2399
Pinto, M. O. (2023, November). Collaborative learning in higher education: the role of Padlet in developing academic writing skills. In 2023 International Symposium on Computers in Education (SIIE) (pp. 1-5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIIE59826.2023.10423718
Prayudi, R. A., Hakiki, A. K., Putra, N. R. D., Anzka, T. O., & Ihsan, M. T. (2021). The use of Technology in English Teaching & Learning Process. Jurnal Riset Dan Inovasi Pembelajaran, 1(2), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.51574/jrip.v1i2.38
Putra, P., Ilias, M. F., Hartono, R., Burhanuddin, Saputra, N., & Barsihanor. (2026). Digital Literacy as a Transformative Framework for Character Education: A Case Study in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v9i1.429
Ramadhani, A. S., Dewi, U., Syahnaz, M., & Kihwele, J. E. (2023). The Effectiveness of using Padlet in Collaborative Writing Based on Students’ Perceptions. Child Education Journal, 5(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.33086/cej.v5i1.3767
Rashid, A. A., Yunus, M. M., & Wahi, W. (2019). Using Padlet for Collaborative Writing among ESL Learners. Creative Education, 10(03), 610–620. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2019.103044
Redecker, C. (2017). European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators: DigCompEdu. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/159770
Soro, S. H., Komara, E., Fathoni, K., & Witasari, R. (2025). Out-In Model Hybrid Learning Management in Improving Scientific Publications. Munaddhomah, 6(2), 192–207. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v6i2.1665
Storch, N. (2019). Collaborative Writing. Language Teaching, 52(1), 40–59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444818000320
Syarifah, Z. I., Cipta, H., & Syukron, A. (2026). Deconstructing Misogynistic Interpretations: A Gender-Just Fiqh Approach to the Role of Women in Family and Career. Ulumuna, 29(2), 755–793. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v29i2.1759
Teng, L. S., & Zhang, L. J. (2020). Empowering Learners in EFL Writing: A Metacognitive Approach. Journal of Second Language Writing, 48(100701). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2020.100701
Thoyib, M., Ahmadi, Syafiq Humaisi, M., Nurdin, M., Djuhan, W., & Mohamed Adnan, M. A. B. (2025). Leading World-Class Indonesian Islamic University: A Perspective of International Quality Assurance System. Munaddhomah, 6(3), 434–451. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v6i3.1886
Togatorop, E. (2015). Teaching Writing with a Web Based Collaborative Learning. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(1S), 247–256. https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/1365
Umwari, Y., & Zulaiha, D. (2023). Investigating Students’ Reading Skill on ESP Class. Journal of Islamic Studies and Education, 1(2), 27–31. https://doi.org/10.63120/jise.v2i1.17
Yakubu, M. A., Sain, Z. H., Lawal, U. S., Budiman, S. A., & Permana, D. (2025). Analysis of Online Academic Writing Tools Usage among Postgraduate Students in North-west Nigeria. Kharisma: Jurnal Administrasi Dan Manajemen Pendidikan, 4(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.59373/kharisma.v4i1.69
Zakaria, S. M., Yunus, M. M., Nazri, N. M., & Shah, P. M. (2016). Students’ Experience of using Storybird in Writing ESL Narrative Text. Creative Education, 7(15), 2107–2120. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2016.715210
Zhang, L., & Liu, Z. (2025). The Impact of Digital Technology use on Teaching Quality in University Physical Education : An Interpretable Machine Learning Approach. Applied Sciences, 15(14), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147689
Zhao, Y., Sánchez Gómez, M. C., Pinto Llorente, A. M., & Zhao, L. (2021). Digital Competence in Higher Education: Students’ Perception and Personal Factors. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(21), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112184
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Musarokah, Issy Yuliasri, Sri Wuli Fitriati, Widhiyanto, Ngasbun Egar (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: (1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-SA) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal; (2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal; (3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website), as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
















